The 5-Minute Rule for Problem/solution Essay Topics

The 5-Minute Rule for Problem/solution Essay Topics The Problem/solution Essay Topics Stories Your problem solution essay sample will probably have errors after you've written it, you ought not worry about where you are able to take it for correction. Your essay is all but ready! Since you may see, the problem-solution essay is really simple when you know its basic elements. The problem solution essay is similar to any other you've written it has different sections. You want readers to recognize the urgency of the issue and why it should be solved. Every one of them is given with a particular aim. Among the fantastic things about problem solution essays is they have a fairly clear structure. If you own a topic provided already, click the order now button to file your request. After stating the issue, you then need to provide a solution to the issue. At length, you have to pick the solution that will be absolutely the most effective for the issue. You should present the issue, identify why it's vital, describe your solution and explain why it's the best one. Since the issue is global is scale, the solution also has to be global. Its key purpose is to help the reader to comprehend what your paper will be about. The hardest task is to locate a great topic for your essay. Adhering to the ideas on how to compose a problem solution essay, you will have the ability to craft a brilliant work. All you will need is a simple topic. Topic selection is very important if writing a problem-reducing essay. Writing a report isn't simple, particularly if you are writing it for the very first time or writing on a new and challenging topic. It's possible for you to take my online IELTS Writing Practice Test anywhere on earth and find a score, corrections, and feedback in only two days. Hence, you've been provided with the simplest topic for problem solution essays, you can decide on any on of the above mentioned and begin writing your essay very quickly. Permit the plan steer you on how you should compose your essay. To offer you a concept of the way the essay ought to be written you need to go through our problem solution essay example and find out how it's been written. A problem-solution essay is a sort of argument. The argument in terms of child nutritional troubles, particularly being overweight, can be managed. Another remedy is to modify our perceptions and attitudes towards the sort of cities, we'd like to stay in and which type of modes of transport we should utilize. Consider if the problems are addressed without needing to spend a lot also. You merely need a few problems as remember you don't have a lot of time and you want to spell out the issues. Future results of the problem can be utilized as leverage for the call to action. The degree of the problem also has to be described, and the impacts of the issue and potential consequences of letting the problem to continue unsolved. It should be clearly defined, and the causes of the problem should be identified if possible. Another important problem is the development of internet fraud and hacking. The Problem/solution Essay Topics Game If you're feeling puzzled and confused not knowing what things to write about, have a peek at the most eye-catching issue and solution essay topics. If you don't have a thing to write about in regards to your essay it's an issue. After you've chosen a topic, describe the issue in detail. Whenever you have so many topics to speak about, choose what you're passionate about and it's going to be super-easy that you develop a considerable argument for it. You should think of a notion and offer some evidence. The collection of the topic ought to be based on your interest because it's essential that you maintain your interest throughout the technology essays writing. For instance, pornography sites may be accessible to them since they can register with a website and claim to be an adult. The exact same can act as problem solution speech topic ideas. A problem solution essay seems to be something which not only college students may get assigned. Students face a lot of relationship troubles. Every student needs to be expected to spend a minumum of one semester abroad to promote tolerance. Of course, he can choose from a wide range of topics.

Global Warming Essay - 813 Words

As the delicate balance of time moves on, slight differences in the weather can be noticed. Anyone can see that there is a shift in the balance of the environment; heat waves, hurricanes, tsunamis and the like are occurring faster than ever. Given the name of â€Å"global warming†, it is a problem on a world wide scale and only the cooperation of everyone can it be fixed or at least slowed down. With the heat of the Earth rising, national landmarks as well as complete ecosystems are fading out, and the only way to help stop this is to be aware of global warming. If anyone had the time to look into it, people could easily see what is happening in our world right now; glaciers are melting, lakes are drying up, and mountains are becoming†¦show more content†¦Contrary to that, nations neighboring them have seen record rain falls and floods. To anyone who has a brain, these occurrences over the past decade or so should indicate that there is a problem in the world today. A ll is not lost, though. There exists ways in which the people can fight back against global warming and at least slow the entire process down. Hybrid cars, for example, would produce less CO2 from car exhaust. In fact, car pooling and using more public transportation effectively would significantly reduce any emissions. Recycling old products, turning off electric appliances, and using more safety-aware products are all ways to reduce the amount of pollution finding its way into the Earth’s ozone layer. With a little help and cooperation from everyone around the world, we could easily slow down the global warming process and attempt to fix any damages it might haveShow MoreRelated Global Warming Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We should all be very concerned about our future on Earth as human beings. We may not be at such an immediate risk of burning to death, but our future descendants are. Every year, the overall temperature has gone up slowly. Eventually Earth will be too hot to live on, and the human race will become extinct! The best way to save our future is to start now. Americans should be conscientious of global warming and should watch their CO2 emissions because increasing CO2 concentrationsRead MoreGlobal Warming Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2014 Global Warming Essay The idea of global became prevalent when the world began industrializing. As the popularity of cars grew and industrial factories began to spring up the air quality suffered. The problem was not recognized because, aside from a few orange skies, there were no obvious effects. Although in this day and age we can see what global warming is doing to our Earth, there are still those people who believe that humans are too small to make an impact. Global warming is tooRead MoreGlobal Warming Essay: Facts About Global Warming2102 Words   |  9 PagesGlobal Warming Essay: Facts about Global Warming Spread Environmental Awareness and Encourage Fight against Global Warming Through Your Global Warming Essay The definition of Global warming is, â€Å"The observed and projected increase in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans†. Human actions, primarily the release of green house gases from smokestacks, vehicles, and burning forests, are perhaps the chief power causing this situation. CO2  (Carbon dioxide) emissions belong to the mostRead More Global Warming Essay2543 Words   |  11 PagesGlobal Warming is an increase in the average temperature around the world. Scientists have been able to trace the global climate and concluded that over the last ten thousand years, the climate of the earth has been relatively constant. In the twentieth century, the global temperature increased 0.740 °C. The change in the warming, and cooling, of average global temperatures cause climate change, a change related to climate patterns such as temperatures, rainfall, wind and humidity. This flux inRead MoreEssay on Global Warming2299 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"wo lf cry†-- a cry that is so ridiculous that nobody would believe it. Now that global warming is a major environmental issue, the saying doesn’t sound so out of place. Most people might say: what is global warming? That’s the question that was running through my mind when I first heard we were watching a documentary on it in my class. The film is Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth and it is about the causes of global warming and what it is doing to our planet. Being an environmentally involved citizenRead MorePreventing Global Warming Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Global warming is a grave issue that is affecting not only the United States, but the whole world as well. Various international strategies need to be implemented so that these issues can be tackled. If taken seriously, the issue of global warming can not only be overcome, it can be prevented as well. Global warming is an event that will affect many people and animals all over the world. Humans will be affected the most due to global warming because of things like temperatureRead MorePersuasive Essay : Global Warming1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe Topic I am interested in pursuing for the persuasive essay is about The Global Warming. I am interesting in this Topic because I learned from my past experience working for The State Parks in Florida as a Park Ranger; by helping everyone to understand that we need to take care our environment by contribute to help â€Å"Mother Earth†; in addition, Global Warming is a slow increment in the general temperature of the world’s air for the most part credited to the â€Å"Greenhouse† impact brought about byRead MoreGlobal Warming is a Hoax Essay506 Words   |  3 PagesThe essay opens up with McKibben talking about how the political campaign against global warming is flawed because at our current point there is nothing muc h that can be done to fix it.(Mckibben,1) He then goes to state that humans are the biggest culprit behind global warming and supports this by giving examples such as SUVs and American ignorance.(2,9) He concludes by saying that if ten percent of America were to go green, it still would not save the planet, but ten percent could get the government’sRead MoreEssay on The Problem of Global Warming1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe Problem of Global Warming Imagine you are placed into the future. The year is 2100. You begin to live in this new world. You hear about huge storms over much of the USA that cause severe damage and flooding. San Francisco, New York City, New Orleans, Seattle, and Miami all experience major flooding from the ocean level having risen so high. Thousands and thousands of people perish each summer across the USA alone—hundreds die in Chicago as the temperature soars to 100 for 2 weeks straightRead MoreGlobal Warming Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagescauses of global warming.† (Al Gore). So, what exactly is global warming? Has it happened before? If so, what were the effects? Specifically, how will it affect the human population? Are humans causing it? These are but a few of the questions we need to answer when we study global warming. Global warming is the escalation in the average temperature of Earths near-surface air and oceans that has been occurring since the middle of the twentieth century and its anticipated perpetuation. Global warming

Knee Arthroscopy free essay sample

The surgeon marks the anteromedial and anterolateral joint lines and portal positions with a skin marker. 2. The skin areas for portal placement are infiltrated with local epinephrine. If the knee has an effusion, the surgeon aspirates it with a 16-gauge needle on a 60ml syringe, followed by injection of a small amount of distending fluid. 3. After a small stab incision with a #11 or #15 knife blade, the surgeon inserts the irrigation cannula and trocar into the lateral suprapatellar pouch near the superior pole of the patella. Lactated Ringer’s or normal saline solution is connected to the cannula and the joint is distended using gravity or a pressure-sensitive arthroscopy pump. 4. A stab incision is then made laterally or medially 2-3 mm above the tibial plateau or patellar tendon at the joint line. A sharp trocar and sheath are inserted through the stab wound and just through the capsule. 5. A blunt trocar is used to pass the sheath into the knee joint. We will write a custom essay sample on Knee Arthroscopy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The surgeon removes the trocar and inserts a 30 or 70 degree scope into the sheath. The light source and video camera are connected to the scope. 6. The inflow may remain in the suprapatellar area, and the tubing is connected to the arthroscope, or the position may be reversed. 7. A spinal needle can be introduced under direct vision to determine the best angle for an opposite portal for insertion of probes and operative instruments. The cruciates and menisci are probed to determine integrity and tears. 8. The scope is moved to the opposite portal to facilitate complete examination. 9. The joint is irrigated periodically and at the end of the procedure to maintain good visualization and clear the joint of blood and tissue fragments. 10. Necessary repairs are made using special arthroscopic instruments, drills, shavers, or implants. 11. The surgeon closes the portals with nylon or undyed polyglactin suture and ? inch wound closure strips. 12. Local of surgeon’s choice (usually with epinephrine 1:200,000) may be injected intraarticularly to minimize bleeding and postoperative pain. Vaginal Hysterectomy Procedural Steps: 1. A patient is placed in lithotomy position, prepped and draped. 2. A weighted speculum is placed in the vagina for exposure. 3. A uterine tenaculum is passed to grasp the cervix and two hand held retractors are placed for additional exposure. . The anterior vaginal wall is opened with a transverse incision in the vesicovaginal layer of fascia. Space between vaginal wall and cervix is opened. 5. Bladder is dissected off the cervix and lower uterine segment anteriorly. Bladder is advanced on the cervix to vesicouterine fold. 6. Posterior vaginal wall is mobilized off the cervix by extending tran sverse vaginal skin incision posteriorly to encircle cervix. Cul-de-sac is entered and the incision extended to the ligaments, clamped, ligated, and incised at their attachment to the cervix. 7. Uterosacral ligaments are exposed, clamped and doubly ligated bilaterally at their attachment to the cervix. Uterine vessels are clamped, incised, and ligated. 8. Bladder is retracted upward and cervix pulled downward. Peritoneal cavity is opened and uterine body is grasped, marking suture is placed on peritoneum. 9. Peritoneal incision is extended laterally until the anterior surface of uterine body can be delivered. Ovaries and tubes are inspected to determine if they need to be removed. 10. Round, ovarian, broad ligaments and fallopian tubes are clamped and ligated. This is done bilaterally. Mobilization of the uterus continues until it is completely free. The uterus then is removed as the specimen. 11. Next the bladder flap is closed with a 2-0 absorbable suture then the peritoneum also with a running absorbable suture. 12. Excess peritoneum is dissected to a point in front of the rectum. Edges are approximated in the midline and sutured. 13. Additional sutures are placed anterior to the rectum to provide additional strength and support of the vaginal vault. 14. Peritoneal cavity is closed with a purse string suture.

The Airline Industry And The Challenges Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Airline Industry And The Challenges Tourism Essay Essay Introduction Today, the engagement of Middle Eastern air hoses in extra-regional operations varies, but is already comparably high. Emirates is offering 82 % of its place capacity on extra-regional services. Most other of import bearers from the part like Etihad Airways ( 74 % ) , Qatar Airways ( 66 % ) and Gulf Air ( 54 % ) besides operate more than half of their seats on extra-regional flights ( AEA, 2006 ) . Air France ( 26 % ) and Lufthansa ( 23 % ) show that the portion of excess regional offer for European web bearers is well less, bespeaking that these bearers have stronger domestic markets. It has besides projected the following for its fiscal twelvemonth mentality. Qatar Airways aims for 40 % leap in grosss, says CEO Akbar Al Baker. Defying the planetary fiscal downswing, Qatar Airways is anticipating to enter a 40 per cent addition in its grosss in its current fiscal twelvemonth stoping March 31, 2011 over the last twelvemonth, harmonizing to the Doha-based air hose s main executive officer. We are aiming a 40 per cent addition in grosss for this twelvemonth, which is somewhat over the addition in the air hose s capacity of around 30 per cent. Qatar has besides come up with balance selling Mix to as to switch from rival of Emirates to chief participant in the air hose industry in the Gulf part. The Airline Industry and The Challenges We will write a custom essay sample on The Airline Industry And The Challenges Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Airline Industry And The Challenges Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Airline Industry And The Challenges Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The commercial air power industry has been characterized by a cyclic nature since its origin. During times of economic prosperity, rider traffic demand grows and air hoses seek to add capacity to run into that demand. Conversely, during economic downswings, air hoses respond to decreased travel demand through call offing flights, anchoring or selling aircraft and by and large shriveling capacity. By 2005, a new moving ridge of brash exuberance was experienced in the air hose industry, and aircraft orders skyrocketed fourfold, twelvemonth over-year, to record degrees of more than 2000 units, split reasonably equally between Airbus and Boeing. ( See Fig. 1. ) A ample part of aircraft purchasing originated with air hoses based in the Gulf Region. Traffic growing in that part of the universe was strong, and bearers like Emirates, Etihad and Qatar began puting big aircraft orders, frequently in duals of one-upmanship at assorted air-shows such as Paris, Farnborough and Dubai. The air hose industry has been bedeviled in the recent times by economic downswing, skyrocketing fuel costs, perceived menace of terrorist act, the possible eruption of the bird grippe virus and monolithic insurance premiums the international air hose industry faces an unsure, deregulating that has hit major industrialized state air hoses and disputing future. North America is 2nd largest of the four parts examined, with 2827 orders, but with over 80 % of these orders being placed for narrow-body equipment ( by and large 100-200 seats ) , most of which are destined to fall in the fleets of LCC air hoses in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Europe is the 3rd largest part, at over 2600 orders, besides to a great extent weighted dedicated to narrow-body purchases ( 70 % ) , once more to a big extent ordered to increase the fleets of turning LCCs such as EasyJet and Ryanair. The Middle East is the 4th largest part examined, and though aircraft orders figure merely over 400, a cardi nal differentiation from the other parts is that more than 60 % of these orders are for twin-aisle widebody ( 200-400 seats ) and Very Large Aircraft ( greater than 400 seats, such as the Airbus A380 ) , as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 1. Aircraft orders of Gulf States: 1995-2007. Beginning: www.airbus.com, www.boeing.com. Fig. 3. Airbus A380 orders by part. Beginning: Airline Monitor, November 2007. Situation analysis Company analysis Qatar Airways is the national air hose company of Qatar which one of the fastest turning air hoses in the universe. Since its re-launch in 1997, Qatar Airways has achieved astonishing growing in fleet size and rider Numberss. From merely four aircraft in 1997, the air hose grew to a fleet size of 28 aircraft by the terminal of 2003 and a milepost 50 by October 2006. Today, the air hose operates 68 Boeing and Airbus aircraft. By 2013, the fleet size will about duplicate to 110 aircraft. Qatar Airways presently has more than 200 aircraft on order worth over US $ 40 billion for bringing over the following few old ages ( www.linkedin.com ) . Presently, Qatar Airways has a fleet of 87 aircraft functioning 92 finishs worldwide. The company employs more than 15,000 employees across Far East, Middle East, Central Asia, Europe, the Africa, North America, South America and Oceania. Qatar Airways vision is to put in and keep, a turning fleet of immature and modern aircraft winging to identify concern and leisure finishs worldwide. Furthermore, company s mission includes safety first , client focused , culturally cognizant and financially strong . Furthermore Qatar Airways set up its end which is to be a universe s top aeroplanes company. Rivals Katar is strategically located in the Gulf States. It has become one of the concern hub and way station. Its air hose industry, has come under increasing competition from rivals such as Emirates, Etihad, Bahrain air hoses. Airlines in the Middle East presently account for merely 9 % of long draw capacity worldwide, but are responsible for approximately 25 % of all planetary long-haul aircraft bringings over the following decennary ( Flanagan, 2006 ) . Dubai-based Emirates Airlines is the largest purchaser, with about 70 % of all new long-haul aircraft orders in the Middle East the air hose is be aftering to more than duplicate its all-wide organic structure fleet capacity by 2012 ( Flanagan, 2006 ) . Once all these aircrafts are in usage, Emirates Airlines will be the universe s largest long-haul bearer. Other air hoses in the part with ample broad organic structure aircraft orders include Qatar Airways with an order book of about 140 widebody aircraft aircraft and Etihad Airways with approximately 20 aircrafts pending bringing. Whilst aircraft orders of Gulf bearers represent existent fleet enlargements, aircraft orders placed by incumbent bearers are chiefly used to replace bing capacity ( Fig. 1 ) . Overall, aircraft orders by Middle Eastern bearers are valued at 40 billion USD ( list monetary values ) . In-between Eastern bearers are constructing their growing scheme on widebody aircraft aircraft that offer expanded scope, enhanced rider comfort, and improved operating economic sciences. These aircrafts will assist Middle Eastern bearers to extenuate the likely on-going slot deficits and congestion jobs experienced at some airdromes. New-generation aircraft are cardinal to the development of long-haul hubs in the Middle East, leting the bearers to stay competitory by maintaining unit costs low ( OConnell, 2006 ) . Qatar airways merely like other air hoses in the Gulf States is portion of the authorities scheme to diversify its gross base, economic systems, commercialism, touristry and planetary conveyance importance. The air hose has a rich mission statement which is Excellence in everything we do. Harmonizing to a study carried out by Pearce and David ( 1987 ) to analyse the mission contents of air hose companies, the mission, it showed that Qatar s mission statement is one of the best in the universe. Amongst 9 points, it has 6 points. Fleet enlargement programs of Middle Eastern bearers ( as March 2008 ) . Source Journal of Transport Geography 18 ( 2008 ) 388-394 Confederates ( world-wide spouses, codeshare ) Code sharing or codeshare is an air power concern term for the pattern of multiple air hoses selling infinite on the same flights, where a place can be purchased on one air hose but is really operated by a collaborating air hose under a different flight figure or codification. The term codification refers to the identifier used in flight agenda, by and large the 2-character IATA air hose designator codification and flight figure. Qatar Airways is proud to be codeshare spouses with some of the universe s premier air hoses such Nippon Airways, Asiana Airlines, BMI, Lufthansa, Malaysia Airlines, Philippine Airlines, US Airways and United Airlines which indicated as Star Alliance. ( Qatar.com ) Climate Macro environment ( PESTLE analysis ) PESTLE Analysis which is an acronym of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, is a tool that aids organisation brand schemes by assisting them to understand the external environment in which they operate now and in the close hereafter. Below is a tabulated External analysis in which Qatar air line operates. Political Looking at both the demand and the supply side of Middle Eastern air power growing, it becomes clear that the development has both a demand and a supply side drift to it. The rise of bearers from the part has become possible due to the overall addition in demand for air travel. Additionally, traffic has already been diverted from the established bearers. However, there is besides another side to the growing procedure: Induced demand . This is because of political stableness in the Gulf part non merely in Qatar. Economic Domestic demand benefits from the topography of the Gulf states, which favours traveling by air for intra-regional conveyance. Furthermore, a high per capita income that is still increasing rapidly, offers a base for a strong air power industry. But there are socio-economic restraints, restricting both domestic leisure and concern travel potency. Besides, wealth is unevenly distributed, with an estimated proportion of 20 % to 45 % of the population life below the poorness line ( AEA, 2006 ) . The United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Qatar have a combined 5.5 million people which is merely about the population of the Philadelphia metropolitan country. With more people populating above the poorness line, the air hose industry has a bright hereafter. Social UAE lies in the bosom of the Middle East ( ME ) and is one of the universe s fastest turning economic systems with a per capita income of US $ 31,000 ( IMD, 2005 ) . Worldwide, in 2006, the ME Travel and Tourism economic system was graded figure nine in footings of absolute size ( US $ 150 billion ) and is expected to turn to US $ 280 billion by 2020 ( WTTC, 2007a ; Husain, 2007a ) . UAE ranks 18th in the universe and figure one in the Arab universe, harmonizing to the planetary touristry competitiveness study by the World Economic Forum ( Rahman, 2007a, B ) . Global Futures and Foresight, a British think armored combat vehicle expects the investing in touristry and substructure for the ME to be about US $ 3 trillion by 2020, with current investings standing at US $ 1 trillion which is much higher than what is considered current planetary outgo ( Husain, 2007a ) . Non-oil grosss contribute 63 per centum to the GDP ( UAE Interact, 2007a ) . Abu Dhabi contributes 59 per centum to the G DP of UAE ( 56 per centum which is oil dependant ) . Qatar scheme is to feed from the Dubai market. Technological Delaies, cancellations and recreations are the most seeable grounds of the effects of these breaks on the air hoses. By and large, each of these consequences in aircraft and crews being out of place relation to planned paths. Passengers are inconvenienced as reachings are delayed and scheduled connexions missed. As a consequence, an air hose may go responsible for the cost of alternate transit, housing, nutrient and, if the hold is sufficiently long, a hard currency payment to counterbalance the traveller for any incommodiousness. Qatar has achieved great technological effort to avoid such holds unless when the flight is at their hub and they are anticipating some flights to do bash. Legal Qatar airways is a signer of unfastened skies understandings. Between 1990 and 2003, the United States implemented a series of Open Skies Agreements, supplying a alone chance to measure the consequence that a alteration in the competition government has on monetary values. In our sample, Open Skies Agreements cut down air conveyance costs by 9 % and addition by 7 % the portion of imports geting by air. Those consequences hold for developed and upper-middle-income developing states but for lower-middle-income and low-income developing states Open Skies Agreements do non cut down air conveyance costs. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis helps to research the internal and external environmental factors impacting Qatar Airways and therefore enable us to do strategic determinations ( Aaker, 2005 ) . The recommended schemes that would be adopted in this paper would be based on the on the SWOT analysis of the company. SWOT analysis for Qatar Airways Strength Failing The lone 5-star ranked in-between eastern air hose Over 90 Finishs Worldwide Codeshare spouses with most of the universe s premier air hoses Qatar Airways net incomes from the really low charges at its place airdrome High ticket monetary values Young air hoses which established in 1994 Operation costs is really high due to investings on airdrome Reconstructions and purchasing high-class aircrafts Opportunity Menace Qatar s favourable location for concern The new airdrome is scheduled to be operational from the terminal of 2011 Qatar holds a major Association of Southeast Asian Nations and international sporting activities, late Qatar won offering to host FIFA World Cup 2022. Investing on Environmental Studies ( first commercial flight with GTL Jet fuel- without peculiar emanations in 2009 ) Unstable political environment of vicinity states High hazard of terroristic activities Strong neighboring province rivals ( Emirates Airlines, Gulf Air ) Qatar Airways has over 200 aircraft pending bringing with the orders worth more than US $ 40 billion by Boeing. Company aims Marketing aims To assist drive their enlargement in the UK and internationally, Qatar were looking for an chance that would present the right audience and wide coverage with twelvemonth unit of ammunition presence. While Qatar and their bureau Starcom were looking at assorted conditions chances available in the market, we were convinced that the comprehensiveness and deepness of our offering via the award winning Sky News would do it a clear victor they agreed. The run comprised of 5 different sing platforms leting Qatar to make Sky News desirable and flush audience via multiple touch points. Coverage besides included Sky News International, driving the trade name into over 70 million places and 1 million hotel suites worldwide. The relationship has now spanned over 4 old ages with a new 2 twelvemonth extension merely agreed. Aims Grow trade name consciousness and perceptual experience in the UK and internationally Raise consciousness of Qatar as a premium 5-star air hose Communicate the quality of the Qatar service Increase portion of voice against the competition hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skymedia.co.uk/Audience-Insight/Case-Studies/qatar-airlines.aspx Fiscal aims Qatar Airways aims for 40 % leap in grosss, says CEO Akbar Al Baker. Defying the planetary fiscal downswing, Qatar Airways is anticipating to enter a 40 per cent addition in its grosss in its current fiscal twelvemonth stoping March 31, 2011 over the last twelvemonth, harmonizing to the Doha-based air hose s main executive officer. We are aiming a 40 per cent addition in grosss for this twelvemonth, which is somewhat over the addition in the air hose s capacity of around 30 per cent, Akbar Al Baker, told Emirates Business. He added that the air hose will see a similar capacity addition in the undermentioned twelvemonth. Marketing cleavage and mark market Geographic Cleavage: Qatar Airways is presently runing in most of the parts of the universe. They are soon trusting to spread out their paths to include the south Pacific paths of Australia and its adjacent states. Qatar Airways is a dynamic, high service bearer, which utilizes the geographic location of its Middle Eastern hub to associate 72 international metropoliss. See the company s web site for more information. Target Market Merchandise Differentiation: Akbar Al Baker, Qatar Airways Chief Executive Officer, stated, By offering a assortment of amusement options, we are able to distinguish our rider service through unrecorded amusement programming while besides puting new criterions of comfort to guarantee we are the air hose of pick ( Rockwell Collins, 2005, p. 1 ) . Some of the characteristics of distinction are: Biggest and best concern category in the Middle East Synergistic Audio, Video on Demand Entertainment System Largest personal Television screens in the Middle East Electronic place controls In-seat back massage First Middle East air hose in First Class with level beds. Current Marketing Mix ( Ansoff merchandise mix A ; 4P s ) Merchandise Strategy utilizing Ansoff merchandise mix: Servicess is defined as affecting one party offering something that is basically intangible and where the interaction does non ensue in ownership of anything ( Kotler, 2008 ) . Using Ansoff merchandise grid matrix, it can be said that Qatar air hoses is still in market incursion. This is because the air hose as was shown in the introductory subdivision of the work, has projected the figure of aircraft it wish to purchase before 2012. The properties of a company in growing phase of company life rhythm is expansionary qualities. New Merchandises Existing Merchandises Existing Market Market Penetration Merchandise Development New Market Market Development Diversification ansoff s merchandise / market matrix The properties of market incursion scheme in which Qatar air passages are utilizing include: aˆ? Maintain or increase the market portion of current merchandises this can be achieved by a combination of competitory pricing schemes, advertisement, gross revenues publicity and possibly more resources dedicated to personal merchandising As portion of this growing program, Qatar Airways will widen its path web to 50 finishs by the terminal of 2003. It has late added Manchester and Rome to its increasing path web. It will shortly be adding Shanghai, Seoul and Tripoli to its path web. ( Airhighways Magazine, 2005, p. 1 ) . aˆ? Secure laterality of growing markets. Qatar air hoses have been known to rule the of all time busy African- Middle east air paths. The company ever has some flights available from any portion of Africa to the Gulf States. The topology of the country has encouraged the air hose to run in merchandise incursion scheme of Ansoff merchandise grid. Its sparsely populated country has encouraged traveling by air for intra-regional conveyance. Furthermore, a high per capita income that is still increasing rapidly, offers a base for a strong air power industry. But there are socio-economic restraints, restricting both domestic leisure and concern travel potency. aˆ? Increase use by bing clients for illustration by presenting trueness strategies.A market incursion selling scheme is really much about concern as usual . The concern is concentrating on markets and merchandises it knows good. It is likely to hold good information on rivals and on client demands. It is improbable, hence, that this scheme will necessitate much investing in new market research. There is no grounds that Qatar airways is puting on market research because they are non spread outing into unknown paths such as Kula-lumpur Sydney path. Pricing Scheme: Going-rate-pricing scheme Soon Qatar air hose pattern what is called Going-rate-pricing scheme. The market leader in the middle- east air hose industry remains Emirates. Qatar charges its menu based on the monetary value of Emirates which is somewhat higher. This is because being the market follower, Qatar does non necessitate to upset the constituted market dynamism because it might non be able to vie on the same degree with Emirates. Comparing the monetary value of Qatar and Emirates, on the same path of Kuala-lumpur ( Malaysia ) Johannesburg ( South Africa ) : Monetary value of Qatar Airways on 21st Nov returning on 23rd Dec from Kuala-Lumpur to Johannesburg Monetary value of Emirates on 21st Nov returning on 23rd Dec from Kuala-Lumpur to Johannesburg Promotion Strategy Qatar air hoses are non practising merchandise distinction but it is practising publicity distinction. Harmonizing to its main Executive Officer Akbar Al Baker he said that Qatar By offering a assortment of amusement options, we are able to distinguish our rider service through unrecorded amusement programming while besides puting new criterions of comfort to guarantee we are the air hose of pick ( Rockwell Collins, 2005, p. 1 ) . Some of their publicity schemes are as listed below and experienced by its riders are as Biggest and best concern category in the Middle East Synergistic Audio, Video on Demand Entertainment System Largest personal Television screens in the Middle East Electronic place controls In-seat back massage First Middle East air hose in First Class with level beds Katar has engaged the services of Global media industries to assist distribute the good intelligence. Such Television, Corporate Videos, BBC Campaign to place it as a premium bearer, CNN testimonies from air hose staff, Sky News studies as a patron of the conditions service and Sponsors a travel show through Al-Jazeera. Qatar is a major patron of high profile featuring activities such as World Tourism Day, World Travel and Tourism Council Summit, World Economic Forum, Leading International athleticss events. Qatar air hoses was the official patron of 15th Asiatic Games, Doha 2006. The company has come up with a new merchandise called Flying Oryx Newsletter that it distributes to go agents. The newssheet is besides available through its web sites. More links could be established to the newssheet through the Internet. The air hoses besides give off merchandises to riders that promote the logo of the Burgundy Oryx and Taking you personally, such as tickers, computing machine mouse and manus towels. .Place Scheme: This places a small impact on the concern scheme of Qatar. Qatar air passages like any other air passages have developed a system of acquiring their ticket. Unlike the normal concerns, whose distribution channel goes from the maker wholesaler-retailer-consumer. The normal concern rhythm Qatar air hose and other air passages are from the air hose operators to consumers when online engagement is done or through traveller agent. Airline operator Airline operator Manufacturer Jobber Traveling Agent Consumer Retailer Consumer Consumer Traditional Supply channel Online engagement channel Intermediary engagement channel Marketing Execution Budget ( short amp ; long term projections ) Qatar air hoses being a authorities company operates a closed system whereby no 1 knows their fiscal projections. But based on Boeing s Economic Overview fort the following 20 old ages, the company predicts an overall economic growing of the international air hoses industry will be at 2.9 % , the international growing in rider traffic will be 4.8 % , and the largest country of growing will be in lading at 6.2 % . Although the industry will still confront highs and depressions, which is built-in, the Boeing study says that the long-run mentality is that of positive growing. Part of the factors of positive growing are globalisation, increases in international trade, growing of GDP, the liberalizing of ordinances in assorted states to let more entree and services. World GDP growing is at 2.9 % and this is one of the major factors for the growing in the air hoses industry. Harmonizing to that same study, the GDP growing in the Middle East is 3.6 % , and growing in the rider traffic is es timated at 5.5 % . Of class, this growing in higher in parts where the GDP is higher. Other factors impacting increased growing in the Middle East are increasing populations and the belief that oil costs will be sustainable long-run. Integrated Selling Plan Low cost Qatar air passages have the purchase to prosecute in more competitory monetary values that what they are offering soon. They should borrow a leave from what Qantas did. Qantas came up with a low cost bearer called JETSTAR. The low cost scheme can vie in the low cost flight class of the air hose industry while the parent company keeps their normal criterion. Alliances Qatar air passages have the trade name image to organize strategic confederations with many similar air hoses where they can acquire the benefits of economic sciences of graduated table. This might come in the signifier taking one air hose company in the continent to organize a cringle. They might borrow a expression from what Singapore air hoses deed as shown below. Singapore Airlines Air New Zealand Leading Alliance Diners Club Avis Singapore Airlines confederation web ; strategic confederation, follower ( Kotler Pg 812, 2008 ) Decrease of booking agents Committees and other inducements to gross revenues staff add to the operational cost of the company. These costs either passed on to the clients or absorbed by the organisation lowers the borders of the company. The company should come up with a construction of naming GSA ( General Gross saless Agent ) in major metropoliss and towns. They might even go through it to the station office to sale for them since they post office has their fixed cost already running. Web Friendly Site The company should as a affair of urgency design a friendly user web site. Their current web site is non user friendly. They should borrow a cue at Airasia web site. Airasia web site is fast, user friendly and updates every proceedingss. This has greatly encouraged clients to utilize the web more often than physical office infinite thereby restricting people or topographic point contacts to the barest lower limit. Decision For Middle Eastern participants, there are three possible beginnings of rider demand. Firstly, domestic demand arising in the Gulf part can add to make full fleets and airdromes. Second, demand can originate from foreign riders that are bound for Middle Eastern states may they be leisure or concern travellers. And thirdly, stop-over travel that is utilizing the Middle Eastern airports as hubs and that is heading for finishs beyond the Gulf states can be a beginning of demand. These factors are favourable to Qatar air hoses. However, reacting to the growing processes in the Middle East merely by cutting costs is an deficient scheme for the incumbent participants. Pricing systems, for illustration, have been developed in decade-long procedures and are hard to copy. Other of import Fieldss and assets for reaction are strategic webs and co-operations, frequent circular plans and booking systems.

Free Essays on Formal Proposal

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Succeeding in today’s highly competitive business environment would be the main objective of our corporation. There are many steps a firm must take upon reaching its goals of minimizing costs, and maximizing profits. But in order to achieve these goals a firm must also increase its worker’s productivity. Productivity includes fast and flawless connection to the Internet, quick and easy transfer of information and paperless environment. Employees should receive documents and faxes within seconds rather than waiting for them. Employees should not wait hours for their e-mails to open up every morning when they come to work, not they have to wait for their documents to be printed on the shared printer. Employees should even have the option of checking their e-mails from remote locations, and attach documents without size limitations. All this will be possible with new mail server and fast connections. Our corporation currently has 230 employees who have their own wo rkstations in their offices. By talking to the department directors, I found out that they expect the departments to grow 40% within the next two years. Therefore, within two years our corporation would have approximately 320 computers. This shows definite need for more hardware, software and general computer equipment. As number of employees grows the network will slow down and get congested especially during peak hours such as mornings, which is the most productive time of the day. This proposal discusses the necessary changes and upgrades of our company’s computer equipment. These upgrades include the change of the physical computer cables that connect the workstations to the network, routers, switches that makes up the network, and the servers that serve the e-mail, share and backup documents, and host our website and the databases. In today’s fast paced economy it is crucial to have up-to-date connectivity between departments and e... Free Essays on Formal Proposal Free Essays on Formal Proposal EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Succeeding in today’s highly competitive business environment would be the main objective of our corporation. There are many steps a firm must take upon reaching its goals of minimizing costs, and maximizing profits. But in order to achieve these goals a firm must also increase its worker’s productivity. Productivity includes fast and flawless connection to the Internet, quick and easy transfer of information and paperless environment. Employees should receive documents and faxes within seconds rather than waiting for them. Employees should not wait hours for their e-mails to open up every morning when they come to work, not they have to wait for their documents to be printed on the shared printer. Employees should even have the option of checking their e-mails from remote locations, and attach documents without size limitations. All this will be possible with new mail server and fast connections. Our corporation currently has 230 employees who have their own wo rkstations in their offices. By talking to the department directors, I found out that they expect the departments to grow 40% within the next two years. Therefore, within two years our corporation would have approximately 320 computers. This shows definite need for more hardware, software and general computer equipment. As number of employees grows the network will slow down and get congested especially during peak hours such as mornings, which is the most productive time of the day. This proposal discusses the necessary changes and upgrades of our company’s computer equipment. These upgrades include the change of the physical computer cables that connect the workstations to the network, routers, switches that makes up the network, and the servers that serve the e-mail, share and backup documents, and host our website and the databases. In today’s fast paced economy it is crucial to have up-to-date connectivity between departments and e...

Shuvuuia - Facts and Figures

Shuvuuia - Facts and Figures Name: Shuvuuia (Mongolian for bird); pronounced shoo-VOO-yah Habitat: Plains of Asia Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (85-75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and five pounds Diet: Insects and small animals Distinguishing Characteristics: Small, birdlike head; dinosaur-like forelimbs; primitive feathers About Shuvuuia Shuvuuia is one of those ancient dino-birds that gives paleontologists fits,comprised as it is of an equal number of bird-like and dinosaur-like characteristics. The beaked snout of this late Cretaceous creature, for example, was distinctly birdlike, as were its long legs and three-toed feet, but its too-short arms call to mind (in much smaller proportions, of course) the stunted limbs of bipedal theropods like Tyrannosaurus Rex. Lately, the consensus is that the almost certainly feathered Shuvuuia was closer to a dinosaur than it was to a prehistoric bird, but as with the much earlier Archaeopteryx, this issue may never be settled conclusively. (By the way, Shuvuuia also stands out for being one of the prehistoric animals whose name is not derived from Greek rootsshuvuu is the word for bird in Mongolia, where Shuvuuias remains were discovered in 1987.) Technically, Shuvuuia is classified as an alvarezsaur, meaning it was closely related to the roughly contemporary Alvarezsaurus of South America (as were many of the dino-birds that lived in this region of central Asia, including another close Shuvuuia relative, Kol). Perhaps more tellingly, the tiny Shuvuuia inhabited a rich, complex, and extremely dangerous ecosystem already well-stocked with predatory raptors like Velociraptor and Tsaagan and feathered troodontids like Gobivenator and Byronosaurus. Given its small size, Shuvuuia would have been fairly low down on the food chain, and probably spent most of its day evading these larger dinosaursperhaps by squeezing itself into the same crooks of trees from whence it pried out termites and grubs for its dinner.

Business organisation policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business organisation policy - Assignment Example Management consultant may be also viewed as lacking of familiarity with the organization and there might be lack of responsibility, accountability for results. Management consultant offers fresh perspective considering that in a certain company for instance, the CEO might be so confined with the issue that it would be hard enough to look for other fresh, new and reliable perspective. One of the ways to look at new perspective is to hire management consultant. Management consultants are known to be exposed to different perspectives considering that they try to tackle issues most often regarding business consultancy. Thus it is a fact that they have certain information that they might be able to use prior to making suggestions and explaining new perspectives. Management consultants are known as separate entities of the business. As such there is a remarkable reason to believe that they have no vested interest of the company for as long as they are paid on their service rendered. Unlike hiring those internal employees, vested interest is remarkably observed leading to more complex problem of the company in the long run. Management consultants are objective in giving their opinions and results. Management consultants have no specific time they intend to work for someone else. Thus, it is important to consider that they are of great help to managers who barely have time for management decision concerns. For legal, regulatory and ethical reasons, management consultants are more objective when it comes to giving results. Thus, it is important to understand that management consultants are paid to be objective enough in giving details and results for whatever the management wanted to find out. Hiring management consultant can be costly. This is due to the fact that the mere purpose why management consultants are rendering services is about making additional income. Thus, the management of a company must be able to provide monetary aspect in return of the services

Project 4.1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project 4.1 - Research Paper Example The result was that people had to be evacuated from their homes, live elsewhere, and had major health problems that were far-reaching and sometimes incurable. Though permission was sought from the Marshall Islands government, the fact remains that the people had to suffer in innumerable ways for a test study, a study that did not seek proper informed consent, nor did it attempt to cure anyone (Skoog, 2003). Because of Bravo and Project 4.1, numerous conspiracy theories abounded, none of which has been proven with concrete evidence. The United States was accused of doing the Bravo launch on purpose by the Marshallese government, who insisted that it was a tactic to be able to study a population exposed to nuclear fallout without risking their own people. Regardless if such a thing is true, reforms followed Project 4.1, though not right away. Over $350 million dollars was awarded to Marshallese people due to the fallout and subsequent sickness (Skoog, 2003). The United States also paid for health care, site cleanup, and other costs associated with the nuclear mess that had become the Marshall Islands, specifically Bikini atoll (Skoog, 2003). However, not all the reforms were monetary. In 1994, President Clinton announced the formation of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (Meslin 1996). This committee is tasked with, among other things, examining the known experiments that took place on human fallout exposure between 1944 and 1974 and to evaluate the ethics of said experiments (Meslin 1996). Other reforms that have occurred since 1994 were that on September 10, 1996, the United Nations overwhelmingly approved the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which will, in effect, end all nuclear testing anywhere in the world (Skoog, 2003). Even though people were exposed to nuclear fallout in an unethical manner, research is now being done to see that such an incident does not occur

Report on Industrail Training Essay Example for Free

Report on Industrail Training Essay

Receptor Protein :: essays research papers

Receptor Protein – Protein that binds to a specific single molecule, enabling the cell to respond to the signal molecule. i.e. – The muscles of a person exercising can not contract without receptor proteins and signal molecules that tell the muscles when to contract and when to relax. Second Messenger – Signal molecule produced in response to the binding of a chemical signal. Acts as a signal molecule in the cytoplasm. Signal Molecule – Carries information throughout the body and to other cells. Ion Channel – A large protein in the cell membrane that transports a specific ion. Enzyme Action – Speeds up chemical reactions in the cell Beta Blocker – A drug that interferes with the binding of signal molecules to receptor proteins and heart muscles. Changes in permeability – Occur when a receptor protein is coupled with an ion channel. Functions of receptor proteins The signal molecule binds to the receptor protein that’s specialized to fit the molecule. Binding of a signal molecule to the matching receptor protein causes a change in the activity of the receiving cell in three ways: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Changes in permeability of receiving cell 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Triggering the formation of second messengers inside the cell 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Activating the enzymes inside the cell 1. Changes in Permeability An Ion Channel may be coupled with the receptor protein, is in Figure 4-8 on Pg. 84. The binding of the second messenger and the receptor protein causes the Ion Channel to open. This allows specific ions to cross the cell membrane. 2. Second Messengers Receptor protein can cause a second messenger to form inside of the cell. Some second messengers activate enzymes, triggering a series of biochemical reactions in the cell.

Allstate Insurance Company and the insurance industry and the affects of globalization and technology

Globalization and Influence on Corporations In many cases, corporations consider globalization as a matter of taking a superior business model and extending it geographically, with basic modifications, in order to exploit the firm’s economies of scale. Based on this perspective, therefore, the corporations’ key challenge is simply to decide how much to adapt the business model—how much to standardize from country to country versus how much to localize to respond to local differences (Ghemawat, 2004).Ghemawat further says that the future of the globalization process is by no means obvious since he looks the market will integrate further once economic conditions improve. However, some people argue that the process could actually shift into reverse, toward even greater economic isolation, if the experience between the two World Wars is any precedent. Amidst the complex situation that globalization possesses, Malcom Waters (1993) defines globalization as â€Å"a soc ial process in which the constraints of geography on social and cultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding†.In addition, Waters (1995) sees the globalization continually erodes the authority of traditionally sovereign states. In this situation, he suggests that within the sense that the sovereign states have control over actions, events, and persons within their borders, he sees that the powerful states will touch their vital interests abroad. In this situation, Waters (1995) describes the processes of globalize economic as the process that gives up the exceptional power into a variety of cross borders or transnational player.These player or economical actors composes of people and institutions such as transnational business, corporations, and financial interests. In these circumstances, Waters (1995) considers globalization as one forceful global process and sees the results of global society in the growing number of mult inational companies (MNCs), international action of human rights and many others. In addition, globalization also enables the communication between people in other parts of the world.This is useful since the communication between two or more parties over the Internet may lead to business deals. Concerning globalization, this paper will discuss about an insurance company and the insurance industry and the affects of globalization and technology. To be precise, this paper will elaborate the adoption of technology on Allstate Insurance Company. 2. Information Technology as the Engine of the Global Economy In general, information technology is considered as the main engine that enables the adoption of global economy.This is true especially in relation with the globalization ideas where as corporations grew to be larger and more complex, managerial activities could no longer rely on traditional organizational methods to produce the demanded daily operational quality. Under such circumsta nces, a multinational companies (MNCs) need more integrated way of communication, a plan delegation and decisions, record and exchanging information, in order to save time and increase productivity of daily operations. To meet the needs, the use of information technology has been increasingly significant for business nowadays.Firms who lack the sensitivity to realize the benefit of this development and being the last to take advantage of the technology are lagging behind its competitors in terms of managerial efficiency and effectiveness. Computer-based Management Information System has now the ability to provide managers with: †¢ Easier ways to records, stores and process data and corporate information †¢ Strategic decision making support system, which allows managers to ask the system the ‘what if’ questions, and then receiving the most accurate response.The system has now become an integral part of decision making activities. †¢ Performance monitoring system, which will immediately alert managers if actual conditions differ materially from expected ones. No wonder if nowadays companies spend millions of dollars to provide themselves with the best and the latest design of information technology equipments. Various service providers of installing specialist software and hardware appliances for establishing information system infrastructure had make millions in benefits because increasing importance of the technology.Almost every company is now using or requiring using this important corporate resource. The need does not vary greatly by differences of corporate size, corporate stage of development, and the nature of the industry in which the firms are operating. Two companies operating in different industries, being in different stage of development and having a significantly different annual income might have similar needs of providing managers with a helpful and trustworthy information system. 3. Allstate Insurance Company 3. 1 Co rporate BackgroundAllstate is established in 1931 and became a traded company publicly in 1993. Currently, the company 40,000 employees manage assets more than US $134 billion and US $32 billion in revenue. The company, which headquartered in Northbrook, Illinois, USA, currently serves over 16 millions of customers by offering a wide range of protection and savings tools to fulfill financial security. 3. 2 IT Implementation on Allstate Insurance Company The important of having suitable information system for insurance company has driven Allstate Insurance Company to develop powerful information technology.They consider information technology (IT) as a critical area. The company reveals that they have IT team that combines technology, creativity, and expertise to fulfill the company’s needs in dealing with competitive market (Allstate Insurance Company, 2008). Concerning the IT implementation in Allstate Insurance Company, prior to 2000, the company did not employ any formal I T control framework. In order to enhance the operation, the company adopts information technology.It is the new director of internal audit who starts the implementation of information technology by introducing Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT) as the platform of IT governance for Allstate Insurance Company (ISACA, 2008). In addition, the use of COBIT especially rule out when the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in the U. S. to deal with the monitoring of Allstate internal audit operations, evaluating the company’s IT governance and control, conducting benchmarks for measuring key business processes.

The book by William Zinsser On Willing Well

The book by William Zinsser On Willing Well is a profound guide for writers in any nonfiction genre: from science to travel, sports to management. The author, William Zinsser, was a writer and editor for the New York Herald Tribune and developed this book out of a nonfiction writing course he taught at Yale.Zinsser writes with refreshing simplicity, humor, and encouraging frankness. He's not one of these writers who pretends that the words just flow; he readily admits to delay, paralysis, and even perspiring over challenging projects. â€Å"Writing is hard work†¦Remember this in moments of despair. If you find that writing is hard, it's because it is hard.†This guide includes the entire process of writing. Chapters address a spectrum of central issues: principles, methods, forms, and attitudes. Throughout the first chapter, reader can see that all of us write differently; we have different styles, we write to different audiences, and we have our own sense of humor.â€Å" On Writing Well† offers a very large scope of techniques and styles centered around enhancing writing, and helping to convey the simplest, most effective message possible.After the first chapter, a reader will remember that simplicity is always the best option when writing. Today, our society is too perplexed in making our words clear. So perplexed, that we often confuse each other. Keeping a straightforward message is not only important, it is realistic. One should think of the process as cutting and burning a forest. Just as time is involved in allowing that forest to re-grow, we must take time to rebuild our sentences.The next chapter deals with the reinforcement of what we just learned. To make our writing as strong as possible, we have to get rid of everything that isn't needed. Many sentences are too overloaded with adjectives. It is interesting, but true, that the political field has frequently used evasive wording and overloaded sentences to try and cover up the meanin g of the truth.The ideas must be quick and to the point, so that to be easier to understand. Decorating sentences with extra words won't earn any respect, in fact, they may do just the opposite.The book also discusses the importance of developing your own style. Zinsser says that although it sounds paradoxical, before we can develop an unmistakable style, we have to cut down our writing to the bare minimum. A very convincing passage was:â€Å"Few people realize how badly they write. Nobody has shown them how much excess or murkiness has crept into their style and how it obstructs what they are trying to say.†Psychology also makes a somewhat unexpected appearance in the text. â€Å"Writing is an act of ego, and you might as well admit it. Use its energy to keep yourself going.† To be able to write well, one must be comfortable with yourself. When we are relaxed, we write better, and the reader notices it.The sections on principles and methods include the usual suspects-conceiving a compelling opening paragraph, focusing on the audience, achieving unity of voice, choosing words carefully, ending with a punch, and (everyone's favorite) revising.His chapters on forms offer guidelines for writing in specific fields-business, science, sports, humor, the arts. The final chapters on attitude discuss psychological aspects of writing: embracing the sound of your authentic voice; enjoyment, fear, and confidence; how an infatuation with the idea of a finished product can impede your progress; a writer's decisions; and finally, an exhortation to write the highest quality work you can.The chapter on a writer's decisions offers a glimpse into Zinsser's critical thought process for his own writing: he parcels out paragraphs of an article he wrote for a travel magazine, an notated with detailed commentary about the editorial choices he made as he wrote.Author takes on an historical perspective of nonfiction as literature, if only to serve as an inspiration to developing nonfiction writers. He marks the change in society from radio to television, and discusses that with the developing need for accurate information. The style he uses is direct and simple, free of confusion, the product of self-restraint. Varied with the author's insights and anecdotes are plentiful samples of writing both strong and weak, varying in style and genre, to illustrate the principles discussed in a given section. In addition to numerous excerpts of his own work, he shares selections from highly regarded writers like Joan Didion, E.B. White, Joseph Mitchell, John Updike, and Cynthia Ozick.My one reclamation with the book is this: I do not agree with Zinsser's advice on dealing with gendered pronouns (he favors masculine pronouns when there is no graceful way to avoid choosing a gender-somehow using an occasional â€Å"she† fails to occur to him) and he sporadically refers to collective humanity as â€Å"man.† However, beyond that, I find his advice flawless and his writing an excellent model of the principles he sticks to.On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfictionby William Zinsser (New York , NY- HarperPerennial, 1998),6th Edition, 308 pages

Courage Essay Example

Courage Essay Example Courage Essay Courage Essay Believe in yourself, not only that you can do what you set out to do, but that you already are what you need to be (even if on the outside it doesnt yet show. ) : A masculine man is courageous (Im not talking about being willing to do stupid stunts, either), willing to do what is necessary without showing weakness (even if he is scared to death. ) A man cannot be truly courageous and brave If he does not fear something. 3. Responsibility: Take responsibility for what happens in your life and stop being a victim. Being a victim is exactly what society expects you to be. Be who you really are intended to be a leader and victor. Make plans and carry them out. Dont fear failure. 4. Discipline: Take charge of your life and what goes on in it. Carry out and complete your goals. Do everything you say you will do. Eat right and stay in shape, therefore you will also be able to think more clearly. 5. Honesty, Integrity, and Kindness: Be honest with yourself and others holding ourselves to the highest of standards. Find the fine line between kindness and some finesse, you will be able to be honest and kind at the same time. Be kind and gentle toward women, children, and the elderly. 6. Treat Women Like Women: Most of todays men dont seem to have a clue anymore (this is largely because of Feminism). I take my kids to Judo practice and am saddened by what I experience there. There are only a few chairs and they are always full of both men and women. When I arrive, not one man ever offers me his chair a masculine thing. Real men honor women. Real men treat others with respect and dignity. 7. Listen: We have two ears and one mouth for good reason we are supposed to be doing twice as much listening as speaking. When a woman speaks, listen with your heart. Instead of thinking, Oh great, here she goes again. think, She has a need. What is it? What can I do to help. This goes against the nature of todays men, it seems. They want to strike back and have forgotten who they are dealing with. When a woman lets See more at: Honeymooner. Com/ once_two_men_were_in. HTML#stash. Invoking. Duff

Battle of Poltava in the Great Northern War

Battle of Poltava in the Great Northern War Battle of Poltava - Conflict: The Battle of Poltava was fought during the Great Northern War. Battle of Poltava - Date: Charles XII was defeated on July 8, 1709 (New Style). Armies Commanders: Sweden King Charles XIIField Marshal Carl Gustav Rehnskià ¶ldGeneral Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt24,000 men, 4 guns Russia Peter the Great42,500 men, 102 guns Battle of Poltava - Background: In 1708, King Charles XII of Sweden invaded Russia with the goal of bringing the Great Northern War to an end. Turned away at Smolensk, he moved into the Ukraine for the winter. As his troops endured the frigid weather, Charles sought allies for his cause. While he had previously received a commitment from Ivan Mazepas Hetman Cossacks, the only additional forces who were willing to join him were the Zaporozhian Cossacks of Otaman Kost Hordiienko. Charles position was further weakened by the need to leave an army corps in Poland to aid King Stanislaus I Leszczyà ±ski. As the campaigning season approached, Charles generals advised him to fall back to Volhynia as the Russians were beginning to surround their position. Unwilling to retreat, Charles planned an ambitious campaign to capture Moscow by crossing the Vorskla River and moving via Kharkov and Kursk. Advancing with 24,000 men, but only 4 guns, Charles first invested the city of Poltava along the banks of the Vorskla. Defended by 6,900 Russian and Ukrainian troops, Poltava held out against Charles attack, while waiting for Tsar Peter the Great to arrive with reinforcements. Battle of Poltava - Peters Plan: Marching south with 42,500 men and 102 guns, Peter sought to relieve the city and inflict a damaging blow on Charles. Over the previous few years Peter had rebuilt his army along modern European lines after suffered multiple defeats at the hands of the Swedes. Arriving near Poltava, his army went into camp and erected defenses against a possible Swedish attack. Across the lines, field command of the Swedish army had devolved to Field Marshal Carl Gustav Rehnskià ¶ld and General Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt after Charles had been wounded in the foot on June 17. Battle of Poltava - The Swedes Attack: On July 7, Charles was informed that 40,000 Kalmyks were marching to reinforce Peter. Rather than retreat, and despite being outnumbered, the king elected to strike at the Russian camp the next morning. Around 5:00 AM on July 8, the Swedish infantry advanced towards the Russian camp. Its attack was met by the Russian cavalry which forced them to retreat. As the infantry withdrew, the Swedish cavalry counterattacked, driving back the Russians. Their advance was halted by heavy fire and they fell back. Rehnskià ¶ld again sent the infantry forward and they succeeded in taking two Russian redoubts. Battle of Poltava - The Tide Turns: Despite this foothold, the Swedes were not able to hold them. As they attempted to bypass the Russian defenses, Prince Aleksandr Menshikovs forces nearly encircled them and inflicted massive casualties. Fleeing back, the Swedes took refuge in the Budyshcha Forest where Charles rallied them. Around 9:00 AM, both sides advanced into the open. Charging forward, the Swedish ranks were pounded by the Russian guns. Striking the Russian lines, they nearly broke through. As the Swedes battled, the Russian right swung around to flank them. Under extreme pressure, the Swedish infantry broke and began fleeing the field. The cavalry advanced to cover their withdrawal, but was met with heavy fire. From his stretcher at the rear, Charles ordered the army to begin retreating. Battle of Poltava - Aftermath: The Battle of Poltava was a disaster for Sweden and a turning point in the Great Northern War. Swedish casualties numbered 6,900 dead and wounded, as well as 2,800 taken prisoner. Among those captured was Field Marshal Rehnskià ¶ld. Russian losses were 1,350 killed and 3,300 wounded. Retreating from the field, the Swedes moved along the Vorskla towards its confluence with the Dnieper. Lacking enought boats to cross the river, Charles and Ivan Mazepa crossed with a bodyguard of 1,000-3,000 men. Riding west, Charles found sanctuary with the Ottomans in Bendery, Moldavia. He remained in exile for five years before returning to Sweden. Along the Dnieper, Lewenhaupt was elected to surrender the remnants of the Swedish army (12,000 men) to Menshikov on July 11.

Self-Disclosure, Gender, and Communication Essay

Self-Disclosure, Gender, and Communication - Essay Example By divulging inner feelings, fears and preferences through daily quality sharing of information, Orbuch emphasized that long term romantic relationships are enforced. I definitely agree to the points contended giving support to the self-disclosure as instrumental in revealing new and exciting information that could prolong the interest and enthusiasm in a married couples’ relationship. I believe that in any interpersonal relationship, for that matter, the value of new information in diverse subjects provides the impetus for sustained interest in the relationship. The ability to pay attention to one’s partner is crucial and is enriched through quality communication that was suggested to be continually nurtured through time. I can definitely relate to the article on self-disclosure in relationships, especially on the portion which explains that self-disclosure actually manifests a â€Å"sharing (of) your private feelings, fears, doubts and perceptions with your partnerâ €  (Schoenberg, 2011, p. 7). By revealing intimate feelings, emotions, preferences with one’s partner, a portion of oneself is virtually exposed and it is as if one is committing oneself by confiding private matters that only the lifelong partner is expected to know. It creates a strong bond linking two married couples together. In this regard, I agree that self-disclose is important and directly related to satisfaction in relationship because, as abovementioned, the ability to confide to one’s partner requires trust and commitment and a deep understanding that whatever deep secrets are divulged would not be relayed to others.

Memo to the teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Memo to the teacher - Essay Example This memo will seek to clarify the problems in the topic (the Mozart) and send it to the respective recipient with solutions. The structure and presentation of the Mozart advert topic is ambiguous. Specifically, an effective topic of a memo possesses the element of information. In this case, a topic of a memo appears effective when it provides readers with substantial information about the purpose of the article. Additionally, a sound memo topic makes a recommendation or simply asks for action after describing its content Concerning the Mozart advert topic, analysis shows that it does not support the school’s position. This leaves the readers with questionable doubts about the point of view of either the advert or the institution. A closer outlook into this topic reveals that the advert seeks to persuade. However, the since its topic seems to have a bit of problems, it is vital to provide a list of solutions in order to avoid repetition of such a thing in the future. First, the Mozart advert should restructure its topic and provide a precise, persuasive heading that grabs the concentration of every single reader. A persuasive advert increases the number of readers, which in turn increases the number of people taking action. Taking action in this scenario means having more students enrolling for music classes in Mozart School of Music. Lastly, this memo serves to suggest a specific action whose aim is to improve the current situation. Regarding the Mozart ad topic, the problem of ambiguity and obviousness needs to be addressed through changing it to have a persuasive message with a recommendable course of action in the end. Further still, the Mozart ad is clear with regard to the second component of a memorandum. This is so because it shows the benefits that a student will get upon enrolling at Mozart School of Music. I am sure that you will find these solutions valuable and approve them for action. I also the change will take course immediately as

Tourism and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Tourism and the Media - Essay Example 25 percent of animals showed antibody evidence of infection (CDC, 2006). Swine flu is the viral disease which affects pigs. It is also considered as a severe respiratory disease which destroys entire the respiratory system of pigs. According to World Health Organisation, â€Å"morbidity tends to be high and mortality low in pigs†. This means that the virus spreads rapidly and kills one to four percent of its victims. The new H1N1 virus has genetic elements of North American swine flu and avian flu. This ‘new strain of swine flu’ is not affecting pigs. The symptoms which arise in Swine flu are fever, cough, muscle pain as well as extreme tiredness along with diarrhoea (The Sunday Times, 2009). The name swine flu was referred because from the testing it was detected that several genes were related to that of flu viruses that existed in the pig in North America. However, later it was tested that this virus is different from the North American pigs’ virus. This virus possessed two genes one from flu virus of pig in Europe and Asia and other gene from influenza virus in human and birds (Johnson, 2009). The virus of Swine flu is constantly changing as other influenza viruses. The influenza virus from different species affects pigs and as a result the viruses swap genes which results in emergence of new virus. The H1N1 virus causes illness to human in several countries. This virus is a generic combination of various viruses from pigs, human and birds. This recent concept of virus becomes challenging for most of the people’s immune system in order to fight against this virus (Toucan ED, n.d.). The name Swine flu is given to a current ‘strain’ of influenza or flu that was affecting the human lives.... This paper approves that it was found that the people were much related to the newspaper and social sites regarding such outbreak of epidemic disease in their country. Thus, it can be recommended that the people in order to get complete and viable information regarding such deadly disease and their protection instead of consulting this confusing media and sites, requires proper consultation from medical person. The people must judge properly before visiting any place during this time. As there was global attack of this disease, the restriction was developed only for Mexico and the US; thus the tourists cancelled their trip only to these places but other places remained unrestricted. The people visited other countries as there was no restriction from the media but did not go to Mexico. This essay makes a conclusion that with reference to the above observation, it was observed that the whole world was affected extensively by the pandemic disease named as Swine flu. Along with all the countries, the US and Mexico faced huge challenges and difficulties during this period of outbreak. The countries were suffering from economic slowdown as the major business sector of the country was in great loss. The tourism industry as considered as the major revenue outcome of Mexico was declining its business growth. Along with the tourism industries and related business, the hotel industry’s growth also slowed down. Various luxury hotels in Mexico remained unoccupied as the number of visitors postponed their trip to Mexico. The airline industry was in economic hardship because the numbers of flights in Mexico were reduced.

Discontinuities using Automatic Flaw Detectors

Discontinuities using Automatic Flaw Detectors EET 333 Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials Lab Report # 3 -Calibration Procedure and Evaluations of Discontinuities using Automatic Flaw Detectors USM 35, USN 58, USN 60 Statement of Objective In the lab manual experiment 5 and experiment 6 were displayed as separate experiments. In experiment 5, the setup of the equipment with programming the device and calibrating the setup for the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors USM 35X, USN 58L, and USN60. In this experiment all the calibration was using the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detector USN 60 The objectives for experiment 5 was to manage the setup of the Ultrasonic Flaw Detector was correct and to manage to calibrate the Ultrasonic Flaw Detector for different probes. The probes are straight beam probe and angle beam probe; these are also methods of calibration. The other two methods of calibration are area amplitude and distance amplitude calibration. In experiment 6, the evaluation of discontinuities using the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors USM 35X, USN 58L, and USN 60. In this experiment, all data that was collected and saved was using the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw DetectorUSN 60. The objectives for experiment 6 were to seek and find discontinuities in particular steel and aluminum. Steel and aluminum was used in the experiment to find the lengths and configuration of the defect or discontinuities in every piece tested. The two techniques used are the 6 dB drop and weld testing. Theory In experiment 5, the setup of the equipment and calibrating the setup for the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors. These Detectors each have their own purpose in the field of nondestructive evaluation of materials and produce ultrasonic waves through the probe(s) and display the received signals on the screen on the device. There are many different probes that can be attached to the devices. The model USM 35X is a smaller unit that has a battery for an easier way to use in the field, the USN 58L and USN60 are larger models also the USN 60 is an updated version of the USN 58L. Both the USN 58L and USN60 still have batteries for portability but are mostly used in a stationed area. All of these detectors are capable to be connected to computers and using the program ULTRADOC to save images on the devices. In each experiment, there were many different probes used. These probes and methods were used to produce a refracted shear or longitudinal waves in the specimen. In experiment 5 the probes used were single probe and dual probe for straight beam probe. A single probe has only one element. A duel probe has two elements, each element is angled in a way that when one sends a triangle shaped wave and comes back it can be received by the other element. Before putting the probe directly on the material a gel must be added to make a gapless space and to allow the transmission of the ultrasonic waves to go through to the specimen successfully. When using the angle probe method, the gel must be between the wedge and specimen but also must be between the transducer and the wedge. The angle probe method uses a single probe that is attached to a wedge that has a specific angle and is only used for that material. In experiment 5, there were many types of methods to calibrate the device. The different types were straight beam probe, angle beam probe, area amplitude, and distance amplitude calibrations. In each calibration method a different block was used. In straight beam probe calibrations use a step calibration block and can be made from many different materials, but in this experiment we used steel, aluminum and Plexiglas substances which had 5 steps on each block. The block started at .5 and decreased to .1 in increments of .1.The blocks used to calibrate angle beam probes were the IIW block and the small angle calibration blocks which were both made of steel. These blocks are the reference standards used for steel calibration. The blocks used for area amplitude and distance amplitude calibrations are the ATSM blocks set. The set includes nine blocks of steel with a diameter of 1-15/16th inches and have a 5/64 deep hole that was in the center bottom surface in each block. Other blocks hav e distinct lengths that made different lengths from the top to the hole in the block and other blocks had distinct diameter holes from each other. In experiment 5, using the straight beam probe calibration method first to find the discontinuities in a certain substance. This method was used in experiment 6 when we used the 6 dB drop method to find the magnitude and appearance of the discontinuity in bolts. In experiment 6 an angle beam probe method was used to find defects in given specimens, one of these methods was the weld testing method which found these defects in the welded steel samples given in class. To find the discontinuity or defect in the weld the area amplitude and distance amplitude methods were used to find the specific flaw. These methods can be used to find the defected area in the specimen. Using the equation = 20 we can take the different in the gains and in V1 as 1 then put it in the and V2 part to find the amplitude. Then we can create the graphs, area vs. amplitude and distance vs. amplitude. In experiment 6, the purpose is to be using the methods that were in experiment 5 to calibrate and then to find defects in specimens using the two different techniques. One of the methods was the 6 dB drop method to track and find the appearance of the flaw in the specimen. This is done by when the amplitude is dropped by about half then you found the defect. When using the equation = 20 and put in 2 for the the result will be 6 dB which is where the name for the method came from. The welding method is next, which is to find a defect in a weld and describe the defect by the appearance and location of it. Equipment USM35X, USN 58L, USN 60 GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors 2 Transducers 2.25 MHz 5.0 MHz Angle Wedge 45ÂÂ ° 70ÂÂ ° 3 Step Calibration Blocks Steel Aluminum Plexiglas IIW Calibration Block Miniature Angle-Beam Calibration Block ASTM Calibration Block Set 4 Bolts in Box Couplant 7 Weld Testing Steel Samples Aluminum Plate with Defects Caliper Pencil Computer ULTRADOC Experimental Setup Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figures 1 shows the GE Inspection technologies Portable Ultrasonic Flaw DetectorUSN 60 used within the laboratory. Figure 4 Figure 5 Figures 2,3,4,5,6,7 are figures of all the calibration blocks that were used in the laboratory. Figure 3 shows the miniature angle beam calibration block. Figure 2 shows the IIW calibration block. Figure 4 shows the step calibration block in different material types. Figure 5 shows the ASTM calibration kit. Figure 6 Figure 6 shows the wedges that were used for angle beam calibration and testing. The left block is 45ÂÂ ° and the right block is 70ÂÂ ° Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 7 shows the bolts that were tested in experiment 6 and figure 8 shows the steel weld samples that were also tested in experiment 6. Procedure In experiment 5 the first section was to setup the device. In the lab manual it says to refer to the devices manual but in the class the professor showed how to use the device. In this experiment we used a GE Inspection technology Portable Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors USN 60. To start off is to start to program to device to the correct parameters. The measurements were always in inches and the probe was determined under the PLSRCVR button menu. To set the probe if it is a single probe or dual probe we use the DUAL part on the screen to set dual on or off, in these experiments the dual will be off. The same screen will be a PULSER which should automatically be spike. After it was all completed under that tab, the home button was pressed to go back to the main menu screen. The left dial on the side would change the dB. The right dial would change the number the selector was put on. The range is changed so the pulse we are looking for is on the screen and not off the screen. To make sure y ou are reading the correct pulse you must set the gate over the pulse and the width of the pulse you are trying to read. The pulse should also have about 80 percent of amplitude. After all this setup the device may be begin to start to be calibrated. To begin to calibrate with the straight beam probe for experiment 5, you must determine which material you will be testing and then pick the correct step block that correlates with that material. Determine if you are using a single or dual probe. In this experiment we used a single probe, so the DUAL should be off. If on the top of the home screen a box does not state the SA, then go to the results tab and make sure it is displayed, then hit the home button and press the autocal button. This will display two important windows of REF1 and REF2, these are programmed to which steps you are going to use on the block, and we picked .4 and .2 as the references. The range is set to a length longer than the longer reference point you used to be able to see it on the screen. The frequency on the device should also match the frequency of the probe(s) being used. Put gel on the steps and then place the probe on REF1 which should be the smaller thickness. Press record, make sure your gate is ove r the first pulse for REF1 and press record again, and then move the probe to the second step, move the gate over the pulse and press record again. If it was done correctly the gate over the last pulse recorded should show the numbered thickness on the step. Also on the home screen the velocity and probe delay should be the same as the material that is being tested. If this is correct then the calibration was a success. A picture of the screen was taken for each calibration specimen. The next section of experiment 5 is to use the angle beam probe on the IIW block and miniature angle block by using a 45ÂÂ ° wedge with a 2.25 MHz probe. To set the angle, go to the home screen and then hit the TRIG button, make sure the angle is set to the same angle the wedge you are using. Press the home button again and then go to the results tab and makes sure the boxes on the top of the screen are set up to display SA, PA, DA, A%A. Press the home button again. Press the autocal tab and set the REF1 to 4 and REF2 to 9 to program the device for the IIW block, to program the device for the miniature block then set the REF to 1 and 4. Put gel between the transducer and wedge before putting them together. Put gel on the block and then place the probe at the 0ÂÂ ° that is marked on the block with the line on the wedge. Do the same steps to record the REF as stated before. The velocity of the shear wave that is used in the angle beam probe should be divided by about 2 for th e velocity of the longitudinal wave that is used in the straight beam probe in the same specimen. Pictures are taken with the gate over the 4 and 9 pulse for the IIW and the 1 and 4 pulse for the miniature block. The final part of experiment 5 was to find the area amplitude and the distance amplitude by using the cylinders from the ASTM set. These cylinders have the same height but the diameters of the hole within the cylinders are different. On the cylinders used the diameters were stated, which we used the cylinders that said 3/64, 5/64, and 8/64. In order to make the graph area vs. amplitude, the equation = 20 was used with the found gain. To determine the distance the six cylinders that had the same diameter hole within in it was used but the height of each cylinder was different which were 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2.25, 3.75, and 6.75. In order to make the graph distance vs. amplitude, the equation = 20 was used with the found gain.. In experiment 6, the initial part was to find the depths of four bolts that are hidden from sight in a box with only the head of the bolt shown. In addition on the bolts we had to determine if the bolt had a defect and the location of the defect. To start, the device must be calibrated by using the straight beam probe method. Put the gel on the top of the bolt and use the 5 MHz probe, make sure the device is set on dual probe on for this probe. While scanning the top of the bolt the pulses on the screen should show the bottom of the bolt which will determine how long the bolt is, also before the pulse for the bottom, other pulses will determine if a defect was found and how far it is from the top of the bolt. Each bolt had a picture taken of the devices screen to show the defect. After testing the bolts, the next section was to use the 6 dB drop method as described before to seek and locate the appearance of the defect within the random aluminum specimen given. By calibrating the dev ice using the straight beam method and covering the entire surface of the specimen with gel. The specimen was then examined with a horizontal and vertical motion with the probe to locate the defect. While this was happening another person was watching the screen to make sure a pulse was not missed. The pulse would have two equal pulses when a defect was found, after a defect was found, the end was found on and a pencil mark was placed. Each time we found an edge we placed a pencil mark. After we have decided we have found all the edges we would connect the dots to make the shape. After the shapes were decided upon, the back plate was removed and shown the real shapes of the defects, then comparing the drawn shapes wo the actual shapes. In experiment 6, the welding method was used to examine six welded steel specimens. To begin with start to calibrate the device for the angle beam probe using the procedures as stated before. Following those procedures, apply gel to the surface of the plate being tested and to search for the defect within the welded part of the plate by determining the depth in the specimen compared to the thickness of the specimen. Marking each end of the defect then measuring the length of the defect, then to compare it to the given sheet that will be shown in the appendix, of the defect area. Also stated on the sheet, each length of the defect should be 1 inch in length. DATA Experiment 5 Figure 9 Straight pobe Steel .4 Figure 10 Straight pobe Steel .3 Figure 11 Straight pobe Steel .2 Figure 12 Straight pobe Steel .5 Figure 13 Straight pobe Steel .75 Figure 14 Straight pobe Acrylic .4 Figure 15 Straight pobe Acrylic .5 Figure 16 Straight pobe Acrylic .3 Figure 17 Straight pobe Acrylic .2 Figure 18 Straight pobe Acrylic .75 Figure 19 Straight pobe Al .4 Figure 20 Straight pobe Al .5 Figure 21 Straight pobe Al .3 Figure 22 Straight pobe Al .2 Figure 23 Angle beam , ref 1 Figure 24 Angle beam, ref 2 Figure 25 Miniature Angle Beam, ref 2 Figure 26 Miniature Angle beam, ref 1 Figure 27 Miniature angle beam reverse, ref 1 Figure 28 Miniature angle beam reverse, ref 2 Figure 29 Bolt 1 defect Figure 30 Bolt 1 length Figure 31 Bolt 2 edge Figure 32 Bolt 2 Length Figure 33 Bolt 3 Length Figure 34 Bolt 3 edge Figure 35 Bolt 4 Length Figure 36 Bolt 4 Defect Figure 37 Cylinder 3/64 back wall Figure 38 Cylinder 3/64 diameter of flat bottom Figure 39 Cylinder 5/64 Figure 40 Cylinder 8/64 Figure 41 cylinder height 6 Figure 42 cylinder height 3 Figure 43 cylinder height 1.5 Figure 44 cylinder height .75 Figure 45 cylinder height .5 Figure 46 cylinder height .25 Analysis of Data Part of experiment 5, in straight beam probe calibration, figures 9 through 24 shows pictures of the device screen of a few steps that we used to calibrate the device. For example in steel at .4 the probe delay was .4119us and velocity was .2252 in/us. In figure 14 the Plexiglas was on stop .4 with a velocity of .0873 in/us and the probe delay was .4119 us. In figure 19 it sows the .4 step for aluminum, which shows a velocity of .2458 in/us and probe delay of .4713 us. In figures 13 and 18 show the side of the step block at .75 for another step. In angle beam probe calibration, the figures 23 through 28 show pictures of the screens device for those calibrations. Figure 23 and 24 shows the references of the IIW steel calibration block which had a velocity of .1599 in/us and probe delay of 26.4325 us. This value was supposed to be half of the straight beam calibration but it was close enough. In figures 25 through 28 shows the miniature calibration block and the probe delay was 5.3931 us and the velocity was .1266 in/us. This was also compared to the straight beam probe velocity in steel and should be about half. It was close enough to be counted. Looking at the probe delays, it seemed to be reasonable time for the distance it had to go. In area and distance amplitude calibration the figures 37 through 40 displayed the devices screen of each cylinder tested. Figure 37 shows the back wall of the 3/64 diameter hole which had a 25dB. In figure 38, it shows the 3/64 diameter of flat bottom hole at 53dB. In figure 39, shows the 5/64 diameter of flat bottom hole with a 50 dB. In figure 40, shows the 8/64 diameter flat bottom whole with a 47 dB. Each figure had a probe delay of .4822 us and a velocity of .2331 in/us, which was very close to the velocity reference for steel. Table 1 Diameter Notation Gain (dB) 3/64 V1 53 5/64 V2 50 8/64 V3 47 Graph 1 In table 1 it displays the dB for every diameter. In graph 1 the area vs. amplitude calibration curve is shown. Table 1 and equation = 20 was used to calculate the calibration curve. An example of a calculation is shown below: |V2-V1|=|40 dB 46dB|= 6 dB = 20 V2= 2V In figures 41 through 46, the pictures shown are the different heights of cylinders but the diameter of the hole inside is the exact same. As follows, figure 41 shows 6 cylinder, figure 42 shows 3 cylinder, figure 43 shows 1.5 cylinder, figure 44 shows .75 cylinder, figure 45 shows .5 cylinder and figure 46 shows .25 cylinder. Each figure shows .2312 in/us for velocity and probe delay is 4.8750 us. Notation Height Sound Path Gain (dB) V1 6.75 5.812 100 V2 3.75 2.976 92 V3 2.25 1.480 74 V4 1.5 .740 68 V5 1.25 .491 61 V6 1 .247 53 Table 2 Graph 2 In table 2 it displays the dB and sound paths on the picture taken for each picture of different heights. In graph 2 it displays the distance vs. amplitude calibration curve. The curve was made from the equation = 20 and table 2. If you compare the graph with reference data my graph is not accurate at all. With my data incomplete this is an example of how to calculate the equation: |V3-V1|=|47.1 dB-97.2 dB|= 50.1 dB = 20 V3=319.89V In experiment 6 the bolt defects are shown in figures 29 through 36, which show a picture of the devices screen for the four bolts that were examined. Figures 29 and 30 for bolt 1 shows the length at 2.03in and defect at .608in, figures 31 and 32 shows bolt 2 with length of 3.398in and defect at .473in, figures 33 and 34 shows bolt 3 with length 3.954in and no defect but we took an edge of the bolt to show, figures 35 and 36 for bolt 4 shows length at 4.426in and defect at 3.922in. Figure 47 shows a picture of the bolts. Figure 47 Aluminum Plate defect (6dB drop)- Figure 48 Figure 49 In figures 48 and 49, it displays the aluminum specimen that was tested in experiment 6 using the 6dB technique. Figure 48 shows the sketched markings and figure 49 shows the actual defects. Figure 50 Defect 1 T= 0.375in length of defect= 1.013in Figure 51 Defect 2 T= 0.395in Length of defect= 1.17in Figure 52 Defect 5 T= 0.397in Length of defect= 1.012in Figure 53 Defect 6 T= 0.390 Length of defect= 0.992 Figure 54 Figure 55 Defect 7 T= 0.390 Length of defect= 1.047 Figure 56 Defect 8 T= 0.389in length of defect= 0.915in In figures 50 through 56, shows the pictures for the six weld tests examined for experiment 6. Figure 50 shows defect 1 with thickness of .375 and defect at .035, figure 51 shows defect 2 with thickness of .395 and defect at .241, figure 52 shows defect 5 with thickness of .397in and defect at .201in. Figure 53 and 54 shows defect 6 with thickness of .390 and defects at .121 and .271. Figure 55 shows defect 7 with thickness of .390 and defect at .184. Figure 56 shows defect 8 with thickness at .389 and defect at .186. This data was compared to the sheet in the appendix. Discussion of Results In experiment 5, we learned how to calibrate the three different detector devices using many calibration techniques. One of the methods was straight beam calibration. Following the setup and recording the pictures of the experimental data, we can agree on the calibration was a success. This was agreed by making sure the heights matched the heights of the step block written on the steps. Our heights were very close to the actual height. To make sure this is correct we were also shown a probe delay and velocity. The velocity of steel we got .2252 in/us and the reference velocity was .2300 in/us. The probe delay was .4119 us which was approved by Dr. Genis to be okay. For aluminum the velocity was .2458 in/us and compared to the reference velocity of .2490 in/us, our velocity was very close. The probe delay was .4713 us. For Plexiglas, the velocity was .0873 in/us and compared to the reference velocity .110 in/us was close but still had decent gap. The probe delay was .4119 us. The next part of experiment 5 was angle beam calibration. Following the setup and recording the pictures of the experimental data, we can agree on the calibration was a success. To see if our data matched was to detect the pulses were in the right place. For IIW calibration block, the first pulse seen was close to the 4 mark and the second pulse was also very close to 9 mark. For the miniature calibration block the first pulse was at 1 and the second pulse was at 4. We detected all the pulses were at the correct location on the screen. We were also able to get the velocity of .1599 in/us which are approximately half of the reference velocity for steel. The probe delay is 26.4325 us. In experiment 5, the last part was area amplitude and distance amplitude calibrations. For area amplitude we were able to figure out that we succeeded by the velocity and probe delay. The steel cylinders had a velocity of .2331 in/us, which compared to the steel reference velocity it seems to be very close. The probe delay of .4822 us seemed to match the accepted probe delay. The last part to confirm the data was from graph 1, which shows the area amplitude calibration curve that matched the reference curve that was presented in class. The velocity we obtained was .2312 in/us which was proper. A trend of 7 or 8 in different dB until between two of the cylinders, but at the end it was ok because as long as when the dB was raised the trend line was also being raised. Looking on the graph it seemed that either the graph was wrong or the collected data was wrong. It could be multiple reasons why